Business Ethics Stealing from Employer

Business Ethics Stealing from Employer Introduction Ethics refers to moral values that define the behavior of an individual or a group of people. It defines the perception of the good or wrong things in a society. Business ethics thus define the ethical values that relate to a business environment. This paper seeks to discuss business ethics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics: Stealing from Employer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper will look into a case of an employee who is stranded between reporting a friend whom she has caught stealing from their employer or protecting the friend. Case John and Joanne are employees in an organization in which John has been working for the past ten years. John is quite frustrated with the organization as it has seemingly failed to acknowledge his efforts and hard work. He is then caught in an act of stealing by his friend Joanne who is then torn between turning John in or risking being charged fo r being an accomplice. Advice to Joanne The basis of ethics is to differentiate between a good and bad thing. When an individual is faced with an issue, the first step of application of ethics is the determination of whether the issue is morally right or wrong. The first step in helping Joanne is therefore to aid her perception of ethics or morality with respect to John’s act. She must identify the act as either ethical or not in order to make her decision. She must therefore be brought to ethical values to help her gain insight into the issue. Joanne should for example be asked whether or not John was being honest with the organization or even with himself when he resorts to steal from the company. She should also be asked to determine in her opinion whether John’s act of attempting to steal was lawful. Was John under any conflict of interest in stealing? Was he acting in the benefit of the organization at all?Advertising Looking for essay on business economi cs? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Was John being fair to the organization and his fellow employees who may be depending on the office supplies for their work in the organization? These questions will help Joanne to actually understand that John’s action was not ethical at all in terms of â€Å"basic honesty and conformity to law, conflict of interest and fairness† (National 1). Although ethical dilemmas are common issues in business environment, an individual is expected to apply critical reasoning together with â€Å"moral creativity, negotiating skills and personal values to solve such dilemmas† (Weiss 96). A consideration of ethical values reveals that John has acted unethically and thus Joanne ought to act in accordance with the values of honesty to her employer and avoidance of conflict of interest. Ethics dictates that the interest of her employer comes first before that of her friend. Joanne sho uld therefore use her â€Å"moral creativity and negotiation skills† (Weiss 96) to convince John not to attempt stealing again. She needs to help John in understanding moral principles and better ways through which his problems in the organization can be resolved such as negotiations to promotions. Joanne should however take no action towards John’s supervisor especially if John is remorseful over his act and if he doesn’t have a history of such behavior or otherwise report him. Failure by Joanne to take any action will promote the act in John. The key terms related to this case that are associated to business and professional ethics are honesty and fairness. National. Values and ethics. AUF, n.d. Web. au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/strat-ldr-dm/pt4ch15.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics: Stealing from Employer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Weiss, Joseph. Business Ethics: A S takeholder and Issues Management Approach. New York, NY: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print.

Becas para deportistas para estudiar en Estados Unidos

Becas para deportistas para estudiar en Estados Unidos Entre la ayuda financiera para pagar por el college o la universidad destacan las  becas para deportistas domà ©sticos y extranjeros. Las becas estn abiertas a ciudadanos, residentes permanentes, estudiantes internacionales (visa F-1), indocumentados con accià ³n diferida aprobada (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y, en ocasiones, tambià ©n a indocumentados no elegibles para DACA. Ventajas de las becas Las becas, que pueden ser totales o parciales, permiten obtener una licenciatura de Estados Unidos, entrenar a un gran nivel deportivo, mejorar notablemente el conocimiento del idioma inglà ©s. Incluso en el caso de estudiantes internacionales  se puede obtener al finalizar los estudios un OPT, que es un programa que permite seguir en Estados Unidos por un aà ±o con un permiso de trabajo.Posteriormente se podr conseguir una visa que permita continuar en Estados Unidos o habr que dejar el paà ­s. Quà © se necesita para obtener una beca deportiva para estudiar en una universidad americana Los requisitos son diferentes segà ºn la universidad, pero en general se tienen en cuenta los siguientes factores: Buen nivel deportivo. De à ©l depender en gran medida el importe de la beca.Haber acabado el equivalente al high school americano. En caso de estar cursando estudios universitarios, haber completado menos de tres aà ±os acadà ©micos. Hay que convalidar los tà ­tulos y diplomas de otros paà ­s (es lo que tambià ©n se conoce como validacià ³n). Aquà ­ cada universidad tiene diferentes estndares de  convalidacià ³n  a travà ©s de una determinada agencia,.  Tener entre 18 y 22 aà ±os de edad.Buen nivel de inglà ©s, que se mide en general puntuando 61 puntos en la versià ³n de computadora del examen conocido como TOEFL. Si bien la puntuacià ³n puede variar segà ºn el tipo de programa y universidad. Muchà ­simas universidades tambià ©n admiten el IELTS.Completar la aplicacià ³n.   Importe de las becas Depende de la universidad o college, del nivel del deportista y del deporte. Pero pueden ser completas, cubriendo la inscripcià ³n en la universidad, el alojamiento, las comidas y los libros. O tambià ©n parciales cubriendo un porcentaje de la inscripcià ³n y otros gastos. En estos casos el becado internacional deber probar que puede mantenerse econà ³mica en Estados Unidos. Deportes En general todos los deportes pueden tener becas. La gran mayorà ­a del dinero va para fà ºtbol americano y baloncesto. En el caso de estudiantes internacionales suelen estar concentradas en ciertas actividades deportivas, como por ejemplo: AtletismoBaloncestoFà ºtbol (masculino y femenino)GimnasiaGolfNatacià ³nTenisWaterpolo Hay que resaltar que las mujeres deportistas extranjeras encuentran ms fcilmente becas y estas suelen ser de mayor importe. Asimismo, hay otros deportes en los que las becas existen pero no suelen ser casi nunca completas. Sin embargo, tienen la ventaja de que ofrecen muy buenas condiciones para poder competir. Por ejemplo: EsgrimaEsquà ­Hà ­picaNatacià ³n sincronizadaSnowboard Cà ³mo conseguir las becas deportivas para Estados Unidos Existen 3  caminos bsicos. En primer lugar, que el propio deportista busque las universidades que ofrecen becas para su actividad deportiva, estudie todos los requisitos, tome los exmenes pertinentes y envà ­e la solicitud a varias de ellas. Conviene recordar que el proceso de seleccià ³n americano lleva su tiempo y que hay que aplicar con varios meses de antelacià ³n. Estos son los 8 documentos que requieren la mayorà ­a de las universidades y sirven para dar una idea de la complejidad del proceso. En segundo lugar, una buena fuente de becas son las asociaciones de un deporte en particular. Por ejemplo, los jugadores de tenis deben consultar con la The United States Tennis Association. Los jugadores de bolos, con el Bowling Congress, los jinetes y amazonas, con la American Morgan Horse Association, etc. Asimismo, se debe consultar con organizaciones como la  National Collegiate Scouting Association  que brinda apoyo a buscar becas a todo tipo de atletas. Finalmente, los estudiantes que no aspiran a becas deportivas per se pero que sus estudios estn relacionados con este campo como por ejemplo la medicina deportiva, pueden consultar con la  National Strength and Conditioning Association. En tercer  lugar, es posible recurrir a organizaciones expertas en este tipo de gestiones. Por ejemplo AGM Sports, especialista en estudiantes internacionales o la estadounidense Sport-Scholarships. Hay muchas posibilidades. Consejos para estudiantes internacionales Para obtener la visa F-1 adems de haber sido admitido por una universidad es preciso cumplir con los objetivos generales del gobierno americano para la obtencià ³n de visados. Es decir, no ser inadmisible o inelegible por ciertas causas, como por ejemplo, haber cometido cierto tipo de delitos, no tener và ­nculos fuertes en el paà ­s de origen o, incluso, padecer de ciertas enfermedades contagiosas que se consideran que son un peligro para la sanidad pà ºblica.En estos casos, la visa se deniega. Y una vez que se consigue la visa, el estudiante es el responsable de asegurarse que mantiene en todo momento la validez de la misma y que no incurre en ninguna actividad que puede dar lugar a u anulacià ³n, como por ejemplo, trabajar sin permiso. Adems, deber cumplir con requisitos fijados por las autoridades de inmigracià ³n como notificar sus cambios de domicilio. A tener en cuenta Tambià ©n es posible buscar becas por mà ©rito acadà ©mico. Muchas las otorgan las propias universidades, por ejemplo, no es ampliamente conocido que varias universidades de à ©lite siguen la polà ­tica de need-blind admissions que garantiza becas totales (o casi) a los estudiantes que son admitidos (en muchos casos incluso a internacionales e indocumentados). Finalmente, si el dinero es limitado conviene explorar la posibilidad de  estudiar los dos primeros aà ±os en un Community College, que son ms econà ³micos.

Employee Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employee Performance - Essay Example The situation has not been this way for a long time; until the last century, their existed an autocratic organizational system where the word of the top management was considered the last word. Their existed an environment where no emphasis was paid on the rights on employees and their needs. In order to properly defend the statement, one needs to look into the reasons for these developments that have been mentioned in the statement. Post-modernism is a concept that is deep rooted in history and is one of the fundamental reasons of the development of the recent organizational structures, bureaucratic environments and empowered employees. A discussion regarding how modernism started would first require understanding what existed in the pre-modernist era. The need for post modernism has been rooted deep in the history of mankind. It was first used in 1914 to describe the changing mindsets of people against the society prevailing at that time. Then came in modernism which gave people an escape from the normality and let people question their beliefs and creativity was fostered. However, it gave rise to modernity or bureaucracy. Bureaucracy usually uses rules and guided procedures in order to accomplish their tasks and depend on the predictability of events. They give no space to the unpredictably of life. In management terms, this would mean that there is task continuity prevalent in organization practicing bureaucracy and people would be subjected to strict rules and norms, repeated preprogrammed tasks and would be provided with stable and probable environments where homogeneity exists between the goods and services offered. Post modernism was a reaction to the modernistic ideas. Post-modernism largely is defined by the age in which there was intellectual growth, cultural enhancement, and development of an artistic state without the boundaries and restrictions of the hierarchies( Frederick, 1984). Post modernism stated that there are no clear cut and defined lines to a central successful organizational principle. It negated the aristocratic or the central hierarchy system and paved way for a more people oriented idea to organization development. Development of post-modernism was a result of the changing times and environment as well. It helped in almost all the disciplines of modern era. Post-modernistic ideas helped in the development of architecture, law, culture and literature. It heavily influenced the marketing and management fields of science as well. The management scenario changed completely with the advent of this idea in the society (Tim, 1999). The main focus would be kept over management and marketing practices because of the topic at hand. Post-modernism can be best explained as an era where nothing is certain and nothing is impossible. There are endless possibilities waiting to be grasped and countless situations in which a man can find himself. However, it has its share of criticism as being meaningless when it came to evaluating mathematical structures. Many people also argue that the era we are living right now is the post-postmodern condition. GLOBALIZATION Globalization is another important factor that gave rise to the post-modern conditions of today. Globalization by definition is turning personalized or localized phenomena's into

Microsoft High School Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Microsoft High School - Case Study Example One of the critical challenges that faced the company in the 80s was developing a career track for those who were individual contributors at best and those who were managers or had potential to be managers. This arose due to the fact the company being an IT company, technical people were mostly hired who may or may not be managers. The solution was to allow people to remain technical experts and get the same opportunity to advance in terms of compensation, promotion and recognition as those in the management track. Ladder levels for determining vertical movement were based on an individual's job nature, together with his experience, skill and performance. In addition, growth was also made possible with horizontal transfers from one job to another. New hires were also encouraged to learn from mentoring from those who were company seniors. IT industry's explosive growth, thousands of ... When the company reached its 20,000th employee mark, Bill Gates viewed this as an important challenge facing the company where the values at its inception responsible for its success were at stake. As a response, the HR group started measuring employee attitudes. A finding in the late 1990s was that even if attrition rates or voluntary resignations were half those of industry levels, at the higher positions, resignations were closer to industry rates. With "Organizational Health Index" (OHI), a part of the annual employee survey, the focus was turned on the work environment as a tool for retention and on a more fundamental level, "keeping the entrepreneurial spirit alive" that made Microsoft what it was. Ballmer's two priorities was to accomplish this was first to change Microsoft's vision from "a computer on every desk and in every home running on Microsoft software" to "to empower people to do anything they want, any place they want, and on any device". The second strategy was to e mpower leaders within the company to clear obstacles, make decisions quickly and clearly define goals. Another challenge was how to identify managers and leaders who are capable of developing people. In order to meet this challenge, Microsoft embarked on a series of programs to identify potential leaders and it became the priority of Steve Ballmer, Microsoft president to develop leaders within the company. As a result of these programs, it was found out that the sources of leadership development were primarily from the jobs currently held at 70%, from mentoring at 20% and from training at 10%. With its maturity as a large-scale organization, a top concern emerged in the 1990s to

Does Herzbergs Motivator And Hygiene Factor Theory Apply Tourism Essay

Does Herzbergs Motivator And Hygiene Factor Theory Apply Tourism Essay Motivation is a driving force that gives an individual the zeal to undertake a task. Taiwan has experienced success in managing its technological and other traditional sectors due to the motivation that it gives to employees. Managers are aware that the control system of running business is non-motivating to the employees (Fulton, Maddock, 1998). They believe in giving individual responsibility for them to utilize their ability. According to Herzberg, work achievements, recognition, responsibility, and growth are motivating factors to employees. The theory is not limited to any form of culture and does not consider any. The theory of Herzberg is much applicable in Taiwan since they believe in giving individuals responsiveness (Silverstein, 2007). Taiwan believe in giving individuals the chance make use of their knowledge to explore their capability and ability. Employees have the chance to advance and grow in Herzberg hygiene theory. According to Herzberg, if the hygiene factor is t aken into consideration it could help in eliminating peoples dissatisfactions. Herzberg believes that employees get responsibility based on their level of ability, which is the same principle that managers in Taiwan use. They give employees responsibility based on an employees level of skill and knowledge (Pophal, 2002). Herzbergs theory is based on the satisfying factors, which is the motivation, and the dissatisfaction factor that is the hygiene. According to Herzberg, the hygiene factor help in dealing with dissatisfactions on the side of employees or the employers. The theory states that various factors may cause dissatisfaction to the employees, which eventually may lead to poor performance. Herzberg believes that the hygiene factors that cause dissatisfaction are strict work supervision and tight company policies (Herzberg, Frederick Herzberg (Author) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Visit Amazons Frederick Herzberg Page Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author Are you an author? Learn about Author Central Mausner, Snyderman, 1993). Most of the employees are unable to perform well under such conditions. They feel suppressed and unmotivated to use their skills. Managers in Taiwan are aware of the facts that employees need space to use their skills without strict supervision and need to be trusted to make decision on behalf of the company. Just like Herzberg states, that company policy may be dissatisfying, Taiwanese give their employees the chance and the stake in policymaking (Silverstein, 2007). Herzberg hygiene theory poses challenging tasks to employees as a way of increasing their capability in utilizing their knowledge, which is a tactic used by managers in Taiwan. The managers believe in employees full ability utilization therefore, they give them challenging tasks so that they can use their knowledge and learn more. Additionally, Herzberg believes that appreciation is an employee motivation that helps in utilizing his ideas and skill fully. Taiwan is a soaring country as rated for it high performance. Employees in Taiwan are highly rewarded for their job improvement and excellent work performance. They get bonuses as incentives in work places, which are powerful motivators (HerzbergFrederick Herzberg (Author) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Visit Amazons Frederick Herzberg Page Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author Are you an author? Learn about Author Central , Mausner Snyderman, 1993). To some extent, the hygiene factor is rough to employees that are not able to utilize their full ability. This is because Herzberg suggests that employees who are unable to utilize their skills to the fullest should be replaced. In Taiwan, most of the employees are aware of replacement facts for failure of skill and knowledge utilization therefore, go extra miles in whatever tasks they take. On the other side, Herzberg hygiene factor recommend promotion to employees for their well performance as a way of motivation. This factor is similar to that of Taiwanese because promotion is based on the performance of an individual employee. The fact that they get promotion for their improvement and performance, employees in Taiwan are so eager to learn and acquire knowledge and skills. It is a fact that most of the employees learn through the e-learning program at their work places. To them promotion is a motivating factor that make them be always at their best. Employees in Taiwan compete among themselves to produce good results and give the best services since they know there are rewards. Personal growth and achievement according to Herzberg is important and employees in Taiwan work towards that for the short-term and long-term rewards (HerzbergFrederick Herzberg (Author) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Visit Amazons Frederick Herzberg Page Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author Are you an author? Learn about Author Central , Mausner, Snyderman, 1993). Motivation is an important aspect of work performance and result satisfaction for the organization. Therefore, it is worth studying and putting into considerations. Managers and employers should learn the behaviors of their employees and understand the motivating factor of each. According to Herzberg, motivated employees have the energy and will to be productive which, eventually help in organizational survival (Pophal, 2002). Taiwan managers are keen on the role that their employees perform so that they can motivate them. Managers understand that motivated employees perform well. The managers are aware of the fact that an increased income makes money a lesser motivator. This means that work that interest them is more of a motivator (Bruce, Formisano, Anne Bruce (Author) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Visit Amazons Anne Bruce Page Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author Are you an author? Learn about Author Central Pepitone, 1998). Motivation helps in eliminating tension in the work place. Managers and employees are well able to communicate and make decisions together with a clear focus. Additionally, motivation encourages employees to learn more and acquire knowledge and skill. These employees are able to stand any challenges that arise thus being competitive. Taiwan has a cross cultural in its work environment which is a very important issue of consideration because of the adjustments. This means that globally the managers should study what motivate employees across different cultures. On the other side, managers learn the best econometric models that can impart cross-cultural environments and bring satisfactions to the employees (Bruce, Formisano Anne Bruce (Author) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Visit Amazons Anne Bruce Page Find all the books, read about the author, and more. See search results for this author Are you an author? Learn about Author Central Pepitone, 1998). The motivating factor in on culture is different from another. Once companies study the motivating factors, they are able to adopt open system of management that gives employees greater autonomy. Herzberg motivation-hygiene factors are considered over other motivation theories because it pinpoints the dissatisfying needs. The lower categories of Maslows hierarchy of needs are similar to Herzberg hygiene factor. The difference is that the hygiene factors lead to dissatisfaction for their non-fulfillment. Two companies were tested from Taiwan and outside. Shih and Chinerawat developed an econometric model to test the two-factor theory of Herzberg. There was sufficient satisfaction from the model, which also reviewed that, the application of hygiene factor different cross cultures (Chinerawat, 2009). Herzberg hygiene factor was reviewed to impact considerable satisfaction in the cross-cultural work setting in the companies of test. Finally, the question of what would be the impact of the hygiene factor on the Taiwan industries is crucial. This is because different cultures have different motivating factors. Employees from Taiwan and those working in Taiwan but different cultures act differently. Herzberg hygiene factor caters for all cultures because it deals with the issue of work satisfaction. These help managers to understand different cultures and appreciate them with the aim of improving the competitiveness of different employees (Chinerawat, 2009). In conclusion, Herzberg states that hygiene factor is not directly proportional to work. That is because if bad working conditions lead to unsatisfied workers. Managers ought to understand that every individual employee is unique and is motivated differently. Taiwanese managers have learnt that money is not always a motivating factor and have sought other factors. This has led to their enormous success in the electronic fields compared to other countries. The managers have borrowed a leaf of Herzberg Hygiene factor to know what motivates and satisfy their employees. Taiwanese understand that a self-fulfilling factor increase productivity and improves performance (Chinerawat, 2009).

Oniomania: Psychology and Higher Income Levels Essay

This condition generally interferes with the functioning of an individual where an individual is faced with an overwhelming urge to shop. Signs include; someone being overly preoccupied with shopping (shop till you drop), excessive shopping of especially items that are not used, which eventually leads to debts, marital problems with the spouse, or even other family members such as parents. Other signs include; thinking excessively about money, feeling a rush of euphoria and anxiety when shopping, and ultimately lying about purchases made.(Krueger 1988) How it starts Oniomania has no direct cause, since there is no specific pattern to the way of life of the people who have been diagnosed with as being shopoholics. Some Psychologists speculate that this condition might generate from developmental neurobiological and cultural influences, thus early life influences such as sexual abuse might be some of the cause. It should also be noted that this condition is mostly common in the developed world, probably because of higher income levels thus more of the disposable income and a higher ease of access to credit facilities. Oniomania is also higher in women as compared to men, with a survey in the USA revealing that of those people that were diagnosed with the condition 80% were women.(Lawrence 1990) Advantages The biggest beneficiaries of shopopholism are the retailers who benefit with increased sales especially during the festive seasons. Shopoholics on the other hand benefit to some extent by having a wide variety of items that they bought to choose. They also feel elated in the experience of shopping and hide from the problems in their lives, and some even feel more gratified than even being in a relationship. It should be noted however that these benefits ultimately lead to bigger problems. Disadvantages Advantages include; financial loss, incurring huge debts, family breakdown, loss of friendships and poor work performance caused by loss of time. One can also revamp into theft and psychological trauma. How to stop it Compulsive spending may come with a host of other disorders, which include; alcoholism and eating disorder. It is important for someone who bears the symptoms to seek counseling. Works cited Roberts JA, Tanner JF Jr. Compulsive buying and sexual attitudes, intentions, and activity among adolescents: an extension of Roberts and Tanner (2000). Aboujaoude E, Gamel N, Koran LM. A 1-year naturalistic following of patients with compulsive shopping disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003

Romantic Literature - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 778 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Beowulf Essay Did you like this example? Throughout history the role of women in literature has changed significantly and rapidly. A great example of this can be seen through the difference between the Anglo Saxon time period and the Norman time period. In the Anglo Saxon time period the main genre of focus is Heroic poetry which centers on men and more often than not women are considered insubstantial especially when compared to the women we see in the Norman genre of romance. In Romantic literature women are portrayed as powerful, sexual figures who are the object of lust and whose desires come before that of the mans. The differences between Anglo-saxon and Norman literatures view on women is clear especially when looking at works from the time period such as Beowulf from the Anglo-saxon period and Lanval from the Norman time period. In both of these works the women mentioned in them are supernatural creatures yet are completely different in how they use their   powers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Romantic Literature" essay for you Create order In Beowulf the supernatural female antagonist in the story is Grendels mother. Due to the fact that Beowulf is Heroic Poetry women are either docile or needed to be rid of, unfortunately Grendels mother falls into the latter. She is even described as related to a [as a] demon, as a fiend, as disgusting, immoral and savage. After Beowulf kills her son she becomes enraged and takes part in an epic battle with him. It is in this battle that we see her supernatural powers of strength and determination. This powers are considered There were many times throughout this fight that she almost overpowered him, but in the end she was defeated. This shows that Grendels mother possess supernatural powers that are tough and rugged especially when compared to those in Lanval. In Lanval the hero and the villian are both female. This is very important considering the fact that in Beowulf none of the women were named nevermind had such essential roles. The female that breaks the gender roles seen in Anglo Saxon literature such as Beowulf is the Mistress. She not only rescues the protagonist from death at the end of the story but also controls the terms of their relationship. This is something not seen before romantic literature. A common theme throughout romantic literature is womens desires so its not surprising that the mistress body and characteristics are described as supernaturally beautiful. He looks at her; he sees her beauty; Love pricks him, strikes in him the spark Now his heart blazes in the dark. (117-119, Marie de France, Lanval ). She is so beautiful that he falls in love with her at first glance, this is because she is a magical creature that is otherworldly and so is her beauty. The mistress also has the power to give Lanval an endless abundance of gold, so much so that he is able to share the wealth. This can be seen in Lines 135-142 She gives a present: Anything he may ever want Hell get, as far as his needs extend; Generously he may give and spend She will find the wherewithal. Lanval has found a noble hostel: The more he spends, in buying bold, The more hell have of silver and gold. (Lanval, Marie de France) This shows her supernatural abilities of giving gifts, including the gift of herself and an endless amount of riches. This is a girlish ability especially in the sense of her abnormal beauty. Her powers are very feminine which is a great contrast between the powers seen in Grendels mother. The Mistress from Lanval and Grendels mother from Beowulf are completely different in every sense of the word. The Mistress has striking beauty which intrigues men and grabs the affection of Lanval while Grendels mother is described to be a hideous grotesque monster. Their supernatural abilities are also fundamentally different, Grendels mother had brute strength and her supernatural abilities could be described a barberic, while The mistresses abilities are elegant and feminine. The way they use their abilities are also like night and day, The mistress uses her powers to lure men, give them what they want, and also save them. While Grendels mother uses her powers to defeat and try to kill men. The two female characters are completely different and come from completely different worlds. This is because when Beowulf was written when women were not consider significant or useful in any manner. While Lanval was written in a time that Romantic literature was popular making women and their needs the main role within that genre. So the two women not only have differences in appearances and supernatural abilities but also in the way their genres and cultures appreciated women.